You’ll strengthen your lower body while protecting your spine when you choose a belt squat machine that transfers weight directly through your hips rather than crushing your shoulders and neck. Top options like the Mikolo 1000 lb capacity machine and Fringe Sport Mammoth attachment offer padded belts, adjustable heights, and durable steel construction. They’re versatile too—supporting squats, deadlifts, and rows. Consider weight capacity, comfort features, and space requirements before deciding. You’ll uncover what makes each machine stand out ahead.
| Mikolo Belt Squat Machine 1000 lb Capacity Home Gym |
| Best Overall | Weight Capacity: 1,000 lbs | Product Type: Freestanding plate-loaded machine | Adjustability: Three weight stop positions | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Fringe Sport Mammoth Belt Squat Attachment for Rack |
| Best For Racks | Weight Capacity: Not specified | Product Type: Rack attachment | Adjustability: Multiple adjustment points; waist 28-48″; arm length 39-48.75″ | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Titan Fitness Belt Squat Machine (1000 LB Rated) |
| Best Heavy-Duty | Weight Capacity: 1,000 lbs | Product Type: Freestanding plate-loaded machine | Adjustability: Three weight stopper positions; 16.5″ loadable sleeves | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Belt Squat Attachment Universal 1100 lbs Capacity |
| Most Versatile | Weight Capacity: 1,100 lbs | Product Type: Rack attachment | Adjustability: Adjustable 31.2-45″; fits 2×2, 2×3, 3×3 uprights | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Squat Box MX1182 Belt Platform for Cable Machine |
| Most Portable | Weight Capacity: Not specified | Product Type: Cable machine attachment platform | Adjustability: Manual push button operation | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Belt Squat Bar Machine Attachment for Olympic Barbell |
| Budget-Friendly Pick | Weight Capacity: 500 lbs | Product Type: Olympic barbell attachment | Adjustability: Multiple holes for different heights | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Gronk Fitness Plate Loaded Belt Squat Machine |
| Best Value | Weight Capacity: 385 lbs (plate load) | Product Type: Freestanding plate-loaded machine | Adjustability: Simple quick weight adjustments | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Multi Use Belt Squat Attachment for Power Racks |
| Best Compatibility | Weight Capacity: Not specified | Product Type: Rack attachment | Adjustability: Adjustable 28-46.5″; fits 2×2 or 3×3 racks | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| FitForge Belt Squat Attachment for Power Rack |
| Best For Beginners | Weight Capacity: 495 lbs | Product Type: Rack attachment | Adjustability: Easy attach/detach; full-range squat | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Ultimate Belt for Belt Squats & Rack Attachment |
| Premium Pick | Weight Capacity: 350 lbs (belt) | Product Type: Belt (accessory) | Adjustability: Seven adjustment points; adjustable inner strap | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Titan Fitness SquatMax-MD Freestanding Squat Machine |
| Best Freestanding | Weight Capacity: 1,000 lbs | Product Type: Freestanding machine | Adjustability: Adjustable depth via pull pin; seven belt adjustment points | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Squat Box PRO – Portable Belt Squat Station |
| Most Compact | Weight Capacity: 270 lbs (platform) + 70% body weight | Product Type: Portable platform attachment | Adjustability: Removable weight horns; stabilizing handlebar | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| SELEWARE Power Cage Landmine Attachment for Power Racks |
| Space-Saving Design | Weight Capacity: 600 lbs per arm | Product Type: Landmine/power cage attachment | Adjustability: Multi-directional swings (up, down, left, right) | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Fitvids Belt Squat Lever Arm Plate Loaded Equipment |
| Best Cost-Effective | Weight Capacity: Not specified | Product Type: Rack attachment lever arm | Adjustability: Fits 5/8″ holes; 3×3 squat racks | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
| Dip Bar & Belt Squat Attachments for Power Racks |
| Best For Home Gyms | Weight Capacity: Not specified | Product Type: Rack attachment (dip bar/belt squat) | Adjustability: Compatible with 5/8″ or 1″ holes; 2×2 racks | VIEW LATEST PRICE | Read Our Analysis |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Mikolo Belt Squat Machine 1000 lb Capacity Home Gym
If you’re looking to build lower body strength without straining your back, the Mikolo Belt Squat Machine is your best choice. This commercial-grade equipment features an 11-gauge steel construction with a 1000 lb capacity, making it durable for serious lifters. The hip belt squat design reduces back pain while targeting your quads, glutes, and hamstrings more effectively than traditional squats. You’ll appreciate the gritted pedals that prevent slipping and three adjustable weight stop positions for personalized safety. The integrated weight plate storage keeps your space organized, and you can perform squats, rows, and deadlifts with adjustable handles for extensive lower body training.
- Weight Capacity:1,000 lbs
- Product Type:Freestanding plate-loaded machine
- Adjustability:Three weight stop positions
- Target Muscle Groups:Quads, glutes, hamstrings
- Primary Material:11-gauge steel
- Safety Features:Gritted non-slip pedals; three height positions
- Additional Feature:Integrated weight plate storage
- Additional Feature:Non-slip gritted pedals
- Additional Feature:Three weight stop positions
Fringe Sport Mammoth Belt Squat Attachment for Rack
The Fringe Sport Mammoth Belt Squat Attachment for Rack stands out as the ideal choice for lifters who want versatility without sacrificing durability. You’ll appreciate its premium steel construction built to withstand intense training. The padded, adjustable belt distributes weight evenly across your hips, reducing back strain while you focus on form. With accommodation for waist sizes 28–48 inches and lever arms ranging from 39–48.75 inches, customization fits your unique body dimensions. Beyond squats, you’ll perform leg presses, deadlifts, and hip thrusts effectively. The adjustable height and width let you control squat depth safely, promoting stability throughout your lifts.
- Weight Capacity:Not specified
- Product Type:Rack attachment
- Adjustability:Multiple adjustment points; waist 28-48″; arm length 39-48.75″
- Target Muscle Groups:Lower body; leg presses, deadlifts, hip thrusts
- Primary Material:Steel frame
- Safety Features:Padded adjustable belt; height/width adjustability
- Additional Feature:Padded adjustable universal belt
- Additional Feature:Waist sizes 28-48 inches
- Additional Feature:Lever arms 39″-48.75″ adjustable
Titan Fitness Belt Squat Machine (1000 LB Rated)
You’ll find Titan Fitness’s belt squat machine ideal if you’re dealing with spinal compression or upper body injuries that make traditional squats uncomfortable. This plate-loaded powerhouse transfers weight from your neck and shoulders directly to your hips through an adjustable nylon belt, protecting vulnerable areas while you train hard.
You’ll appreciate the three adjustable weight stopper positions that let you control squat depth safely. The 16.5-inch loadable sleeves make weight adjustments quick and intuitive. Built from sturdy steel with a diamond-plated footplate, it delivers stability and durability for serious lifting. Four rear weight posts keep your gym organized while enhancing equipment stability during intense workouts.
- Weight Capacity:1,000 lbs
- Product Type:Freestanding plate-loaded machine
- Adjustability:Three weight stopper positions; 16.5″ loadable sleeves
- Target Muscle Groups:Quads, glutes, hamstrings
- Primary Material:Steel
- Safety Features:Diamond-plated non-slip footplate; durable handlebar
- Additional Feature:Diamond-plated non-slip footplate
- Additional Feature:Horizontal weight sleeves loadable
- Additional Feature:Built-in rear weight storage
Belt Squat Attachment Universal 1100 lbs Capacity
Lifters seeking versatile rack compatibility without compromising load capacity will find their match in this universal belt squat attachment. You’ll appreciate its 1100 lbs weight capacity and adjustable 31.2″ to 45″ length, fitting 2×2, 2×3, and 3×3 uprights seamlessly. The 9mm steel frame delivers exceptional durability, while the padded belt distributes weight evenly across your hips and back. You can perform leg presses, deadlifts, and hip thrusts with confidence. Its multiple adjustment points guarantee a customized fit for your body, and zero assembly means you’re ready to train immediately.
- Weight Capacity:1,100 lbs
- Product Type:Rack attachment
- Adjustability:Adjustable 31.2-45″; fits 2×2, 2×3, 3×3 uprights
- Target Muscle Groups:Lower body; leg presses, deadlifts, hip thrusts
- Primary Material:9mm steel plate
- Safety Features:Padded adjustable belt; height/width adjustability
- Additional Feature:Adjustable length 31.2″-45″
- Additional Feature:Fits 2×2, 2×3, 3×3
- Additional Feature:No assembly required included
Squat Box MX1182 Belt Platform for Cable Machine
BodyKore’s MX1182 delivers versatile belt squat training without requiring a dedicated machine—it’ll connect directly to your existing cable machine or resistance bands. This portable platform features heavy-duty sheet metal construction with anti-slip rubber footing for stability during intense lifts. The commercial-grade pulley guarantees smooth operation, while the custom belt includes a detaching latch release for quick adjustments. At 9.5 x 17 x 24.5 inches, it’s compact enough to store easily. Push-button manual operation keeps things straightforward. You’ll appreciate the lifetime frame warranty, though the 3.2-star average rating suggests carefully reviewing user feedback before purchasing.
- Weight Capacity:Not specified
- Product Type:Cable machine attachment platform
- Adjustability:Manual push button operation
- Target Muscle Groups:Lower body
- Primary Material:Heavy sheet metal
- Safety Features:Anti-slip rubber footing
- Additional Feature:Commercial grade pulley system
- Additional Feature:Anti-slip rubber footing design
- Additional Feature:Detaching latch release belt
Belt Squat Bar Machine Attachment for Olympic Barbell
If you’re working with standard 2-inch Olympic barbells and want to expand your exercise options without investing in a dedicated machine, this attachment delivers versatility in a compact package. You’ll appreciate the high-strength steel construction that handles loads up to 500 lbs, ensuring durability through intense training sessions. The multiple height-adjustment holes accommodate different body types, making setup straightforward and accommodating. You can attach various accessories—seat handles, single D handles, and nylon rope handles—enabling belt squats, single-arm rows, and numerous other exercises. This cost-effective solution maximizes your existing barbell equipment while minimizing space requirements. Responsive customer support stands ready if you need assistance, making your experience seamless.
- Weight Capacity:500 lbs
- Product Type:Olympic barbell attachment
- Adjustability:Multiple holes for different heights
- Target Muscle Groups:Various muscle groups via handle accessories
- Primary Material:High-strength steel
- Safety Features:Straightforward installation
- Additional Feature:Compatible multiple handle accessories
- Additional Feature:Multiple height accommodation holes
- Additional Feature:500 lbs load capacity
Gronk Fitness Plate Loaded Belt Squat Machine
For those seeking a sturdy, plate-loaded option that doesn’t compromise on durability or performance, the Gronk Fitness Belt Squat Machine delivers serious value. Built from 11-gauge steel, this machine supports up to 385 pounds of weight plates, making it ideal for both home and commercial gym settings. Its innovative design transfers weight to your hips, effectively targeting quads, glutes, and hamstrings while minimizing back stress. At 170.8 pounds, it’s substantial enough to handle high-volume training sessions. The simple plate-loading mechanism enables quick weight adjustments, letting you focus on pushing heavier lifts and maximizing lower body gains without safety compromises.
- Weight Capacity:385 lbs (plate load)
- Product Type:Freestanding plate-loaded machine
- Adjustability:Simple quick weight adjustments
- Target Muscle Groups:Quads, glutes, hamstrings
- Primary Material:11-gauge steel
- Safety Features:Transfers weight from back/shoulders to hips
- Additional Feature:Loads up to 385 lbs
- Additional Feature:Simple quick weight adjustments
- Additional Feature:11-gauge heavy-duty steel construction
Multi Use Belt Squat Attachment for Power Racks
The FAGUS H CF1070Z-G belt squat attachment stands out as the best choice if you’ve already invested in a power rack and want to expand its versatility without purchasing additional equipment. This steel attachment fits both 3″x3″ and 2″x2″ racks with 1/2″ or 5/8″ holes, adjusting from 28″ to 46.5″ to accommodate different user heights. You’ll perform belt squats, rows, curls, and guided deadlifts using one compact tool. At just 7.51 kilograms, it’s portable and easy to store. The multiple adjustment points guarantee a customized fit for various body types. FAGUS H backs this investment with a two-year warranty, making it a reliable, cost-effective solution for serious lifters.
- Weight Capacity:Not specified
- Product Type:Rack attachment
- Adjustability:Adjustable 28-46.5″; fits 2×2 or 3×3 racks
- Target Muscle Groups:Belt squats, curls, rows, guided deadlifts
- Primary Material:Steel
- Safety Features:Multiple adjustment points for customized fit
- Additional Feature:Adjustable length 28″-46.5″
- Additional Feature:Fits 3″x3″ or 2″x2″
- Additional Feature:Two-year warranty included
FitForge Belt Squat Attachment for Power Rack
You’ll find that this attachment converts your existing power rack into a dedicated belt squat station, making it an ideal choice for anyone seeking to maximize their equipment’s versatility without purchasing additional machines. The FitForge attachment supports loads up to 495 lbs and accommodates 3×2 or 3×3 inch racks with 5/8-inch holes. You’ll appreciate its durable construction, designed for long-term reliability through precision engineering. Beyond belt squats, you can perform curls, rows, and guided deadlifts while minimizing back and joint stress. Its easy attachment and detachment system allows you to switch exercises seamlessly, optimizing your training sessions without cluttering your workout space.
- Weight Capacity:495 lbs
- Product Type:Rack attachment
- Adjustability:Easy attach/detach; full-range squat
- Target Muscle Groups:Glutes, quads, hamstrings
- Primary Material:Durable materials/precision engineering
- Safety Features:Minimizes back and joint stress
- Additional Feature:Supports 495 lbs capacity
- Additional Feature:Easily attaches and detaches
- Additional Feature:5/8-inch hole compatibility
Ultimate Belt for Belt Squats & Rack Attachment
Serious lifters who demand seamless compatibility with their existing equipment will appreciate this belt’s thoughtful design. Created by lifters for lifters, it addresses real training frustrations you’ve likely experienced. You’ll get reinforced 5-panel EVA backing that prevents back collapse under heavy loads, while padded contact zones guarantee comfort during extended sessions. The adjustable inner strap with solid metal buckle locks you in securely, preventing slipping through intense movements. Low-profile side straps stay flat, allowing full squat depth without restriction. Supporting loads up to 350 lbs, this 57-inch belt delivers the stability and performance you need without requiring equipment modifications.
- Weight Capacity:350 lbs (belt)
- Product Type:Belt (accessory)
- Adjustability:Seven adjustment points; adjustable inner strap
- Target Muscle Groups:Lower body exercises
- Primary Material:EVA back/padded zones
- Safety Features:Reinforced 5-panel EVA back; non-slip padded straps
- Additional Feature:Reinforced 5-panel EVA back
- Additional Feature:Prevents back collapsing support
- Additional Feature:Adjustable inner strap buckle
Titan Fitness SquatMax-MD Freestanding Squat Machine
If you’re experiencing back or neck strain from traditional barbell squats, Titan Fitness’s SquatMax-MD Freestanding Squat Machine delivers lower body strength training without compromising your upper body. This portable machine supports up to 1,000 LB and features a cushioned, adjustable seat that you can customize with a red anodized pull pin. The heavy-duty nylon belt includes seven adjustment points for maximum weight distribution, while 32mm knurled handles guarantee a secure grip throughout your lift. Constructed from 11-gauge steel with a black powder coat finish, it weighs 200 pounds and measures 47 x 36 x 20 inches—making it ideal for home gyms. You’ll appreciate how effectively it builds leg and glute strength minus the strain.
- Weight Capacity:1,000 lbs
- Product Type:Freestanding machine
- Adjustability:Adjustable depth via pull pin; seven belt adjustment points
- Target Muscle Groups:Leg and glute development
- Primary Material:11-gauge steel
- Safety Features:32mm knurled handles; cushioned vinyl seat
- Additional Feature:Cushioned vinyl seat adjustable
- Additional Feature:Seven adjustment points belt
- Additional Feature:32mm knurled handles included
Squat Box PRO – Portable Belt Squat Station
The BodyKore Squat Box PRO (Model MX1182XL) stands out as the best choice for lifters who prioritize portability without sacrificing performance. You’ll appreciate its compact 18 x 36 x 12-inch design, perfect for home gyms with limited space. The built-in pulley system delivers smooth, consistent resistance while supporting 270 pounds on removable weight horns plus 70% of your body weight. A stabilizing handlebar attachment guarantees balance during heavy lifts, and included accessories accommodate both upper and lower-body workouts. Heavy-duty construction assures durability, backed by a lifetime warranty. Whether you’re training at home or moving frequently, this portable station delivers reliable performance and versatile training options.
- Weight Capacity:270 lbs (platform) + 70% body weight
- Product Type:Portable platform attachment
- Adjustability:Removable weight horns; stabilizing handlebar
- Target Muscle Groups:Upper and lower body
- Primary Material:Heavy-duty materials
- Safety Features:Stabilizing handlebar; built-in pulley system
- Additional Feature:Removable weight horns included
- Additional Feature:Portable compact design included
- Additional Feature:Built-in pulley system smooth
SELEWARE Power Cage Landmine Attachment for Power Racks
You’ll appreciate this versatile landmine attachment if you’re working within a tight training space but don’t want to sacrifice exercise variety. The SELEWARE attachment fits standard 2″ x 2″ power cages with 1″ holes, accommodating both standard and Olympic plates. Its multi-directional support arm enables belt squats, rows, and curls in various planes of motion. Constructed from durable alloy steel with rust-resistant black plating, it safely supports 600 lbs per arm while avoiding frame contact. The space-efficient design maximizes your training potential without cluttering your gym. A 30-day satisfaction guarantee backs your purchase, offering peace of mind.
- Weight Capacity:600 lbs per arm
- Product Type:Landmine/power cage attachment
- Adjustability:Multi-directional swings (up, down, left, right)
- Target Muscle Groups:Belt squats, curls, rows
- Primary Material:High-quality alloy steel
- Safety Features:Prevents contact with cage frame; rust-resistant coating
- Additional Feature:Multi-directional swings support arm
- Additional Feature:600 lbs per arm
- Additional Feature:30-day satisfaction guarantee refund
Fitvids Belt Squat Lever Arm Plate Loaded Equipment
Home gym enthusiasts and facility owners who’d rather not spend thousands on a dedicated belt squat machine should consider the Fitvids Belt Squat Lever Arm Plate Loaded Equipment. This lever arm attachment fits 3 x 3 squat racks with 5/8-inch hole diameters and expands your training arsenal beyond belt squats. You’ll perform curls, rows, and guided deadlifts using the same compact apparatus. Built from durable 11-gauge black powder-coated steel, it withstands heavy use. The 9.8-inch weight horn accommodates standard Olympic plates, providing serious strength training without the premium price tag of traditional machines.
- Weight Capacity:Not specified
- Product Type:Rack attachment lever arm
- Adjustability:Fits 5/8″ holes; 3×3 squat racks
- Target Muscle Groups:Belt squats, curls, rows, guided deadlifts
- Primary Material:11-gauge steel (black powder coated)
- Safety Features:Reduces stress on lower back
- Additional Feature:9.8 inches weight horn
- Additional Feature:Cost-effective machine alternative
- Additional Feature:11-gauge black powder coated
Dip Bar & Belt Squat Attachments for Power Racks
Dip bar and belt squat attachments designed for power racks offer an excellent solution for lifters seeking safer, spine-friendly alternatives to traditional barbell squats. You’ll benefit from the belt squat lever arm design, which reduces stress on your lower back and spine during training. These attachments work with most 2″x2″ power racks featuring 5/8″ or 1″ holes, though you should verify your rack’s compatibility before purchasing. The innovative connection design enhances stability and durability, while welded semicircular plates provide a larger support area for high-intensity workouts. The 2″ sleeve accommodates both standard and Olympic weight plates, giving you flexibility in your training. Support arms prevent frame contact, protecting your equipment from damage.
- Weight Capacity:Not specified
- Product Type:Rack attachment (dip bar/belt squat)
- Adjustability:Compatible with 5/8″ or 1″ holes; 2×2 racks
- Target Muscle Groups:Belt squats, rows, arm curls, calf raises
- Primary Material:Steel with powder coating
- Safety Features:Reduces stress on lower back/spine; semicircular welded plates
- Additional Feature:Welded semicircular plates stability
- Additional Feature:2″ sleeve weight compatibility
- Additional Feature:Fits 2″x2″ power racks
Factors to Consider When Choosing Belt Squat Machines
When selecting a belt squat machine, you’ll want to prioritize weight capacity and durability to guarantee it withstands your training intensity while providing long-term value. You should also evaluate comfort features like padded belts and safety mechanisms that protect your spine during heavy lifts, alongside space constraints that fit your home gym or facility. Finally, consider the machine’s exercise versatility, compatibility with your existing equipment, and installation requirements before making your investment.
Weight Capacity And Durability
Because you’ll be loading substantial weight onto your belt squat machine, evaluating its weight capacity and construction quality is essential. Different models offer capacities ranging from 500 to 1100 lbs, so you’ll want to select one that exceeds your intended load by a comfortable margin.
Durability hinges on material quality and construction. Machines built from high-gauge steel with reinforced frames and supports withstand high-volume workouts without compromising stability. Steel thickness varies between 9 mm to 11-gauge, markedly impacting overall sturdiness—thicker steel provides superior strength and longevity.
Don’t overlook the warranty length when comparing options. Longer warranties typically signal manufacturer confidence in the product’s durability and reliability, giving you greater peace of mind in your investment.
Comfort And Safety Features
Your comfort during belt squats directly impacts workout quality and injury prevention. Prioritize machines featuring padded, adjustable squat belts that evenly distribute weight across your hips and back, reducing pressure and enhancing stability.
Look for adjustable height and width settings that let you customize squat depth safely. Non-slip footplates and grips prevent slips, maintaining control throughout your lifts. Multiple adjustment points accommodate varying body sizes, ensuring a secure fit.
Safety stop mechanisms prove essential for controlling squat depth and preventing injuries. They allow you to train confidently to your limits without risk. When evaluating belt squat machines, these comfort and safety features shouldn’t be afterthoughts—they’re fundamental to maximizing performance while protecting your body from unnecessary strain.
Space And Storage Requirements
Belt squat machines demand considerable floor space, with many models exceeding 52 inches in width and 81 inches in length. You’ll need to measure your gym area carefully before purchasing to ascertain proper fit and movement clearance.
Consider the machine’s weight, as heavier models provide superior stability during intense lifts but require more effort to relocate. If you’re working with limited space, prioritize portable designs featuring foldable or detachable components for easier storage.
Look for integrated weight storage solutions that keep your plates organized and minimize clutter throughout your workout area. Some machines accommodate multiple weight plates efficiently. Additionally, evaluate whether your space allows for dedicated machine placement or if wall and corner storage options better suit your layout. Strategic planning prevents costly purchases that don’t fit your environment.
Exercise Versatility And Range
How much variety can you squeeze from a single piece of equipment? That’s where exercise versatility matters most. You’ll want a belt squat machine that goes beyond basic squats—look for models supporting leg presses, deadlifts, curls, and rows to maximize your workout options without needing separate machines.
Check whether the machine features adjustable components that accommodate your body size and fitness level. Smooth shifts between exercises keep your workouts efficient and encourage you to train more muscle groups. Examine the weight stop positions and adjustable lever arms carefully; these let you customize squat depths and angles for your specific needs.
Finally, prioritize machines compatible with additional accessories or attachments. This expandability alters your investment into an all-encompassing training station, letting you progress and diversify your routine continuously.
Compatibility And Installation Needs
While exercise versatility expands what you can accomplish with a single machine, you’ll also need to verify that your chosen belt squat machine actually fits within your existing gym setup. Start by checking dimensions and hole sizes for compatibility with your power rack or equipment frame. Check adjustable length specifications to guarantee the machine accommodates various user heights and training styles.
Next, assess the installation requirements. Some machines demand straightforward setup, while others need additional tools or structural modifications. Review weight capacity specifications carefully—they must align with your training intensity while prioritizing safety. A machine that doesn’t integrate seamlessly into your gym wastes space and money, regardless of its other features.
